Pharamond - Web Hosting - Glossary Of Terms

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Glossary Of Terms:

Archie: Derived from the word archive, Archie is a Net-based service that allows you to locate files that can be downloaded via FTP.
ASCII: (pronounced "Ask-ee") An acronym for American Standard Code for Information Exchange, ASCII is an international standard in which numbers, letters, punctuation marks, symbols and control codes are assigned numbers from 0 to 127. Easily trans ferred ove r networks, ASCII is a plain, unadorned text without style or font specifications.
Asychronous Connection: The type of connection a modem makes over a phone line, this connection is not synchronized by a mutual timing signal or clock.
AU Sounds: This is an audio format developed for Sun workstations and often used to distribute sound clips via the Web.
Bandwidth: The range of transmission frequencies a network can use. The greater the bandwidth the more information that can be transferred over that network at one time. The term bandwidth also broadly includes throughput, meaning the amount of data sent.
BinHex: A file conversion format that converts binary files to ASCII text files.
Bit: A contraction of binary digit, a bit is the smallest unit of information that a computer can hold. Eight bits is equivalent to a byte. The speed at which bits are transmitted or bit rate is usually expressed as bits per second or bps.
Browser: A type of software that allows you to navigate information databases; examples are Netscape Navigator and NCSA Mosaic.
Byte: The number of bits used to represent a character.
Client: A computer that has access to services over a computer network. The computer providing the services is a server. Note: in an X-11 environment, the meanings of client and server are reversed.
Client-Server Architecture: An information-passing scheme that works as follows: a client program, such as Mosaic, sends a request to a server. The server takes the request, disconnects from the client and processes the request. When the request is processed, the server reconnec ts to the client program and the information is transferred to the client. This architecture differs from traditional Internet databases where the client connects to the server and runs the program from the remote site. Note: in an X-11 environment, th e meanings of client and server are reversed.
Configuration: This is a general-purpose computer term that can refer to the way you have your computer set up. It is also used to describe the total combination of hardware components that make up a computer system and the software settings that allow various hardw are components of a computer system to communicate with one another.
Configure: The act of changing software or hardware actions by changing the settings.
Dial-up Connection: The most popular form of Net connection for the home user, this is a connection from your computer to a host computer over standard telephone lines.
Direct Connection: A permanent connection between your computer system and the Internet. This is sometimes referred to as a leased-line connection because the line is leased from the telephone company.
DNS: An acronym for Domain Name Server, DNS refers to a database of Internet names and addresses which translates the names to the official Internet Protocol numbers and vice versa.
Document: When used in reference to the World Wide Web, a document is any file containing text, media or hyperlinks that can be transferred from an HTTP server to a client program.
Download: To transfer to your computer a copy of a file that resides on another computer.
FAQ: This is the acronym for Frequently Asked Questions. A common feature on the Internet, FAQs are files of answers to commonly asked questions. Read FAQs before wasting electrons asking obvious questions. Saves you from receiving flames.
Firewall: This term refers to security measures designed to protect a networked system from unauthorized or unwelcome access.
FTP: File Transfer Protocol is a protocol that allows the transfer of files from one computer to another. FTP is also the verb used to describe the act of transferring files from one computer to another.
GIF: This acronym stands for Graphic Interchange Format, a commonly used file compression format developed by CompuServe for transferring graphics files to and from online services.
Gopher: A menu-oriented tool used to locate online resources developed at the University of Minnesota.
Home Page: The document displayed when you first open your Web browser. Home Page can also refer to the first document you come to at a Web site.
Host: A computer acting as an information or communications server.
HTML: An acronym for HyperText Markup Language, HTML is the language used to tag various parts of a Web document so browsing software will know how to display that document's links, text, graphics and attached media.
HTML Document: A document written in HyperText Markup Language.
HTTP: The abbreviation for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, HTTP is used to link and transfer hypertext documents.
Hypertext: This term describes the system that allows documents to be cross- linked in such a way that the reader can explore related documents by clicking on a highlighted word or symbol.
Inline Images: These are the graphics contained within a Web document.
IP: The abbreviation for Internet Protocol, IP refers to the set of communication standards that control communications activity on the Internet. An IP address is the number assigned to any Internet-connected computer.
JPEG: The acronym for Joint Photographic Experts Group, JPEG is an image compression format used to transfer color photographs and images over computer networks. Along with GIF, it's one of the most common ways photos are moved over the Web.
Links: These are the hypertext connections between Web pages. This is a synonym for hotlinks or hyperlinks.
MIME: An acronym for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, MIME is a messaging standard that allows Internet users to exchange e-mail messages enhanced with graphics, video and voice. MIME file types are also used in Mosaic.
MPEG: The acronym for Moving Pictures Expert Group, MPEG is an international standard for video compression and desktop movie presentation. A special viewing application is needed to run MPEG files on your computer.
NCSA: This is the abbreviation for National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign.
NFS: The abbreviation for Network File System, NFS is a protocol suite developed and licensed by Sun Microsystems that allows different makes of computers running different operating systems to share files and disk storage.
NIC: The abbreviation for Network Information Center, NIC is an organization responsible for supplying information for component networks that comprise the Internet.
NOC: The abbreviation for Network Operations Center, NOC is the organization responsible for the day-to-day operations of the Internet's component networks.
Node: A device attached to a network. A node uses the network as a means of communication and has an address on the network.
POP: An acronym for Point of Presence, POP is a service provider's location for connecting to users. Generally, POPs refer to the location where people can dial into the provider's host computer. Most providers have several POPs to allow low-cost access vi a telephone lines.
PPP: The abbreviation for Point-to-Point Protocol, PPP is an Internet connection where phone lines and a modem can be used to connect a computer to the Internet.
Protocol: A set of standards that define how traffic and communications are handled by a computer or network routers.
Router: A communications device designed to transmit signals via the most efficient route possible.
Search Engine: This term refers to a program that helps users find information in text-oriented databases.
Server: A computer system that manages and delivers information for client computers. Note: in an X-11 environment, the meanings of client and server are reversed.
Socket: This is a communication mechanism originally implemented on the BSD version of the UNIX operating system. Sockets are used as endpoints for sending and receiving data between computers.
TCP-IP: The basic protocols controlling applications on the Intn the Internet; it stands for "transmission control protocol/Internet protocol."
URL: This is the abbreviation for Uniform Resource Locator, the addressing system used in the World Wide Web and other Internet resources. The URL contains information about the method of access, the server to be accessed and the path of any file to be acc essed.
WAIS: The abbreviation for Wide Area Information Service, WAIS is a Net-wide system for looking up specific information in Internet databases.
WAIS gateway: This term refers to a computer that is used to translate WAIS data so it can be made available to an otherwise incompatible network or application. Mosaic must use a WAIS gateway.